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Fluid polyamorphism, the existence of multiple amorphous fluid states in a single-component system, has been observed or predicted in a variety of substances. A remarkable example of this phenomenon is the fluid–fluid phase transition (FFPT) in high-pressure hydrogen between insulating and conducting high-density fluids. This transition is induced by the reversible dimerization/dissociation of the molecular and atomistic states of hydrogen. In this work, we present the first attempt to thermodynamically model the FFPT in hydrogen at extreme conditions. Our predictions for the phase coexistence and the reaction equilibrium of the two alternative forms of fluid hydrogen are based on experimental data and supported by the results of simulations. Remarkably, we find that the law of corresponding states can be utilized to construct a unified equation of state combining the available computational results for different models of hydrogen and the experimental data. 

Therapeutic Applications of Lasers was created to provide a fundamental background for technicians on the theory of laser-tissue interactions, optical delivery systems, and to describe common applications of lasers in different fields of medicine. Numerous medical fields have been impacted by the use of lasers, including cosmetic dermatology, ophthalmology, gynecology, urology, dentistry, neurosurgery, and others. Lasers are used for thermal coagulation as well as ablation and vaporization of soft and hard tissues. 

Therapeutic Applications of Lasers was created to provide a fundamental background for technicians on the theory of laser-tissue interactions, optical delivery systems, and to describe common applications of lasers in different fields of medicine. Numerous medical fields have been impacted by the use of lasers, including cosmetic dermatology, ophthalmology, gynecology, urology, dentistry, neurosurgery, and others. Lasers are used for thermal coagulation as well as ablation and vaporization of soft and hard tissues. 

Therapeutic Applications of Lasers was created to provide a fundamental background for technicians on the theory of laser-tissue interactions, optical delivery systems, and to describe common applications of lasers in different fields of therapeutic treatments. The module includes the following chapters: properties of laser light, laser-tissue interaction theory, beam delivery methods, lasers in dermatology, lasers in ophthalmology, lasers in cardiology, lasers in gynecology, lasers in urology, lasers in dentistry, lasers in neurosurgery, photodynamic therapy and ultraviolet therapy 

Lasers in Medicine and Surgery was created to provide a fundamental background for technicians on the theory of laser-tissue interactions, describe commonly used lasers in medicine and optical delivery systems, as well as accessories frequently used with lasers. Numerous medical fields have been impacted by the use of lasers, including cosmetic dermatology, ophthalmology, dentistry, urology, and others. Lasers are used for thermal coagulation of tissues as well as ablation and vaporization of both soft and hard tissues. 

About the LASER-TEC Laser and Fiber Optics Educational Series This series was created for use in engineering technology programs such as electronics, photonics, laser-electro-optics, and related programs. This series of publications has three goals in mind:1) to create educational materials for areas of laser electro-optics technology in which no materials exist 2) work with industry to use, adapt and enhance available industry-created material, 3) make these materials available to technicians at no cost to them making education in these areas more accessible to everyone. The Laser and Fiber Optics Educational Series is available for free online at www.laser-tec.org. About Diagnostic Applications of Lasers Diagnostic Applications of Lasers was created to provide a fundamental background for technicians on the theory of optical imaging, microscopy, and spectroscopy, as well as other major imaging modalities in medicine, (e.g. ultrasound, nuclear imaging, x-rays, and computed tomography). There are numerous examples of successful optical diagnostic technologies, such as the pulsed oximeter for the measurement of blood oxygenation levels and optical coherence tomography for diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. Promising emerging fields are also briefly covered, such as super-resolution microscopy and photoacoustic tomography.